Batrachoid

It applies, indeed, solely in its present state to the capillaries of the saurial and batrachoid reptiles; but there is every reason to believe, that the same arrangement takes place in the mammated class of animals.

An idea, not undeserving attention, has been announced on this subject by M. Reynaud, who, observing that a similar anatomical arrangement is found in the batrachoid amphibia, or frog family during the whole period of existence, infers, though not very confidently, that it may be applied to explain the arrangement of the vascular system now under consideration, by referring it to the earliest periods of intra-uterine life in the Mammalia.

It gave, therefore, additional evidence of the existence of air-breathing vertebrata at the period of the deposition of the coal-strata, and extended the known geographical range of the batrachoid reptiles of the carboniferous epoch.

There is no doubt but that the Batrachoid fishes deserve at least the rank given them by Dr. Gill, coördinate with the Trachinoidea, the Gobiodea, or the Blennioidea (as arranged by Gill , for I do not accept Mr. Regan's inclusion of the Ophidioidea and Zoarceoidea in that group).

Regardless of the type of water in which they are found, batrachoids are primarily bottom fishes.

Somatically batrachoids are in fact highly modified if basal euteleosts.

The batrachoids (toadfishes) are sedentary large species on mud or sand bottoms (Gill 1907, Gudger 1910) in which the male guards the large eggs (ca. 5 mm diameter in Opsanus tau).