Pollinivore

Vittatina-type pollen grain from the gut of another pollinivore, Sojanidelia floralis Rasn., from the same locality, x1 200.

Insects visiting flowers of H. spinosa can be divided into two guilds: nectarivores (small flies and ants) and pollinivores (bees and hoverflies), which differ in pollination attributes.

Adult pollen feeding is also highly probable for a number of Mesozoic polyphagan beetles (e.g., elaterids, buprestids, some cleroids) and some cupedoid archostematans. Thus by the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous the pollinivore guild was probably rich and diverse.

Bats have a wide range of eating habits. There are species that feed on insects (insectivores), fruits (frugivores), vertebrates (carnivores), pollen and nectar (pollinivores/nectar-feeding), and blood (hematophages).

During the same time that A[pis] m[ellifera] adansonii encounters on flowers were registered, we noted the type of floral products collected by this bee. This parameter was measured to determine if A. m. adansonii is strictly a pollinivore, nectarivore or pollinivore and nectarivore. This could give us an idea of its implication as a cross-pollinator of G[ossypium] hirsutum.