Rupestral

Having departed from Sardis and before reaching the mnema of Tos, the traveller saw a monument which was either a free-standing pillar or a rupestral tablet, depending on how we interpret the word.^([στήλη (stḗlē)])

In the course of the last decade, a fair number of ancient rupestral (rock-cut) horoi have been published from various sites in southern Attica.

Representational art appears in two major categories: rupestral art (as in the paintings of the Palaeolithic caves) and mobiliary art (also called mobile or portable art).

2011, Ömür Harmaşah, 28: Monuments an Memory: Architecture and Visual Culture in Ancient Anatolian History, Sharon R. Steadman, Gregory McMahon (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000-323 BCE), page 643, The sculpted and columnar rupestral tombs of Achaemenid Paphlagonia, the mountainous Black Sea region west of the Halys (Kızıl Irmak), are equally fascinating in their place-making qualities and their deliberate use of the living rock.

On the north side of the city, just outside the wall, the rupestral sanctuary of S. Biagio consists of a series of artificial caves or tunnels in the rocky hillside.

The rupestral species have been the next class of lichens to suffer from the atmospheric pollution; and the effects are particularly noticeable in the hilly districts in the eastern part of South Lancashire.

By contrast, in the oak woodland on a steep hillside at Keskadale in Cumberland the occurrence is solely rupestral.

Among the more notable of these rupestral oceanic and Atlantic bryophytes of acidic rocks are the mosses[…].