Usufruction

The use of the property of an orphan by a guardian who carries out his guardianship, is allowed for the latter's daily subsistence. Such use should be just and reasonable. […] According to al-Sha'bá, such just and reasonable use is like usufructing the milk of cattle, having services from servants and riding animals or vehicles, as long as such usufruction does not impair or damage the property itself.

The antecedent circumstances show that the natural right always appertaining to the early inhabitants of the shores of this river, above the Canadian line, to navigate it, has once been fortified by joint conquest, and by subsequent joint usufruction.

The land cultivated by the peasant therefore was divided into two principal categories: / 1. That in which he had rights of property; / 2. That in which he had only rights of usufruction. […] As regards the land in which the peasant had only rights of usufruction, it was divided into two principal categories: / 1. Land in which the peasant had hereditary rights of usufruction, and could transmit his holding to his descendants and his collaterals, according to the common law of inheritance; / 2. Land in which the occupier was only a tenant for life, or for a term of years, or at will.